Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear that trigger severe physical reactions, even when there is no real danger. These episodes are known as panic attacks. Panic disorder can significantly interfere with daily life, as individuals often live in fear of having another panic attack.
Symptoms
- Sudden and overwhelming fear or anxiety
- Rapid heart rate (palpitations)
- Sweating or trembling
- Shortness of breath or a feeling of being smothered
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fear of losing control or dying
Causes
- Genetics: Panic disorder often runs in families
- Stress: Major life transitions or traumatic events
- Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine
Treatment
Panic disorder is treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medications. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals understand and control their panic attacks, while medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines are used to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. Relaxation techniques and lifestyle changes are also helpful in managing symptoms.