Depression
Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities. It affects how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. Depression can be long-lasting or recurrent, and it can significantly impact a person's ability to function.
Symptoms
- Persistent sadness or 'empty' mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- Insomnia or sleeping too much
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Causes
- Genetics: A family history of depression can increase the risk
- Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and dopamine
- Hormonal changes: Such as during pregnancy or due to thyroid issues
- Life events: Trauma, loss of a loved one, or chronic stress
Treatment
Depression is treated with a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Antidepressants like SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline) help correct chemical imbalances. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), is effective in helping individuals identify negative thought patterns and improve relationships. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and a healthy diet also contribute to recovery.